Morphemes in “unemployment”

“unemployment” has 3 morphemes: un- + employ + -ment.

un prefix
+
employ root
+
ment suffix

Spelling changes when the parts join: the boxes show the letters as written; the morphemes themselves are un- + employ + -ment.

Each morpheme explained

MorphemeTypeFree / boundMeaning
un- derivational prefix bound not, opposite of; reverse the action
employ free root free put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose
-ment derivational suffix bound action, result or means of

How the word is built

employ employment unemployment

Each step adds one affix to the word before it; the root “employ” is where the chain starts.

Morphemes are not syllables

Morphemes (3)
un + employ + ment
Spoken syllables (4)
un·em·ploy·ment /ˌʌ.nɪm.ˈplɔɪ.mənt/

Morphemes are units of meaning; syllables are units of sound. The boundaries often fall in different places, which is why “unemployment” splits one way for a morphology exercise and another for a syllable count.

Syllables and stress in “unemployment” →

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Prefixes, roots and suffixes with glosses, free and in your browser.

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Related words

Segmentation derived from MorphyNet (Batsuren, Bella & Giunchiglia, 2021; CC BY-SA 3.0, built from Wiktionary), with hand-written affix glosses and root meanings from WordNet. Reviewed for classroom use; tell us if you spot an error.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many morphemes are in "unemployment"?
"unemployment" has three morphemes: un- + employ + -ment.
How do you break "unemployment" into morphemes?
un- + employ + -ment. The root is "employ"; un- is a derivational prefix, -ment is a derivational suffix.
What is the root word of "unemployment"?
The root of "unemployment" is "employ", built up as employ → employment → unemployment.
Is this morphology tool free?
Yes. The Fixie morphological analyzer is free with no signup and runs in your browser.